WHAT IS HYPERPIGMENTATION
Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition where patches of skin become darker in colour than the surrounding skin.Discoloration around the mouth is a common manifestation of hyperpigmentation.This occurs when excess production of melanin.Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the skin , hair and eyes .it is responsible for giving color to these tissues.
Hyperpigmentation around mouth can be very bothering for many individuals.it can be exacerbated by prolonged sun exposure,hormonal changes and genetic predispositions.
CAUSES OF HYPERPIGMENTATION AROUND MOUTH
Hyperpigmentation around mouth also called perioral hyperpigmentation,can be caused by several factors
1.SUN EXPOSURE
Hyperpigmentation around mouth is a common skin condition where ultraviolet radiation from the sun can stimulate melanin production can cause hyperpigmentation around the mouth.Prolonged and unprotected sun exposure can result in uneven melanin distribution ,leading to dark spot around the mouth.
2.HORMONAL CHANGES
Fluctuations in hormones , especially during pregnancy , menopause and taking birth control pills can lead to hyperigmentation .This is known as melasma.Melasma is commonly known as the 'mask of pregnancy' due to its prevelance during this time
Melasma tends to occur most often on the face , in area sucha as the upper lip and chin,as well as the cheecks ,nose and forehead . Sun exposure can make the patches more noticeable.
3.POST INFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION
Post- inflammatory hyperpigmentation around mouth can be caused by various factors such as acne,irritation from skin care product , eczema or even injury to the skin.when the is inflammed or irritated ,it produce more melanin, leading to darkening of the affected area.
4.VITAMIN DEFICIENCES
Hyperpigmentation around mouth also caused by vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin B12 and vitamin D .The vitamin D deficiency is most likely secondary to sun avoidance ,as sun exacerbate melasma.
5.GENETICS
Genetic predisposition can play a role in the development of dark areas around the mouth,due to differences in melanin production and distribution.Individuals with darker skin tone are more prone to hyperpigmentation.
6.MEDICATIONS
Certain medications ,such as antimalarial,NSAIDS and certain antibiotics, can lead hyperpigmentation as a side effect.
7.AGEING
With increase age , our skin natural repair mechanism can become less effient .This can lead to an uneven distribution of melanin and the formation of dark area around the mouth.
8.USE CERTAIN SKIN CARE PRODUCT AND POOR SKIN CARE HABIT
The use of certain skincare products or cosmetics, especially those containing irritating ingredients like fragrance or certain acids, can lead to hyperpigmentation around the mouth.
Nelecting proper skincare,such as not using sunscreen or not removing make up thoroughly,can contribute the dark area around the mouth.
TREATMENT OF HYPERPIGMENTATION AROUND THE MOUTH
Hyperpigmentation around the mouth may be more difficult to treat compared to other area of your face ,due to delicate skin of this area.
Treatment include
1.HOME REMEDIES
2.MEDICAL TREATMENT
HOME REMEDIES
Hyperpigmentation around the mouth can be frustrating, but there are several home remedies you can try to help lighten the dark patches
1.ALOE VERA
Aloevera is often recommended for hyperpigmentationaround mouth due to its soothing and healing properties and moisturising properties.Apply fresh aloe vera gel directly to the dark area leave it on for 30 minutes before rinsing off.you can also mix aloe vera gel with a few drops of lemon juice for more benefits.
2.LEMON JUICE
Lemon juice contains citric acid , which is a natural bleaching agent that may help lighten Hyperpigmentation over time.Lemon juice is essential to use it with caution as lemon juice can be harsh on the skin , esecially if used undiluted or if you have sensitive skin.Always dilute lemon juice with water or mix it with a soothing ingredients like aloe vera gel or honey before applying on the dark area.Apply lemon juice to the dark area using a cotton ball and leave it on for 10-15 minutes before rinsing off.
3.APPLE CIDER VINEGAR
Apple cider vinegar contain acetic acid which may help lighten dark spot.A tablespoon of apple cider vinegar mixed with two tablespoons of purified water ,is the perfect mix to rid Hyperpigmentation around mouth.use cotton balls to apply and leave it for few minutes before rinsing off.Repeat this process once daily.
4.POTATO
Potatoes contain natural enzymes , minearals and vitamin c ,which can help lighten Hyperpigmentation.Apply a fresh potato juice directly on the dark area using cotton ball or fingertips or also thin slices of potato on the spots.leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off.
5.TURMERIC
Turmeric has Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant properties. making a paste by mixing turmeric powder with milk or honey or also with lemon juice , then apply it on the dark area. .Leave it for 20 minutes before rinsing off.
6.OATMEAL SCRUB
Exfoliation is necessary for removing dead skin cells and promoting skin renewal.create an oatmeal scrub by mixing oatmeal with yoghurt ang gently massaging it onto the skin.This can help fade dark spot overtime.
7.GREEN TEA EXTRACT
Green tea contains antioxidants properties that can help lighten dark spot and reduce inflammation.Brew green tea and allow it to cool,then apply it to the dark area using a cotton ball or spray bottle.leave it on for10-15 minutes before rinsing off.
8.ROSE WATER
Make a routine of applying rose water on your face before sleeping.you can dab it on with cotton and leave it on for the rest of the night.this will help to remove the whole day's dirt and hydrate your skin.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
If you are seeking permenant removal of skin discoloration around your mouth , a dermatologist may recommend one of the following options.
1.TOPICAL HYDROQUINONE
Hydroquinone is a topical bleaching agent commonly used to lighten dark spot and hyperpigmentation. Hydroquinone works by inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for Hyperpigmentation.Prolonged use of Hydroquinone can lead to side effect such as irritation, redness or even paradoxical darkening of the skin.Additionally ,it is necessary to use sun protection while using hydroquinone.
2.TOPICAL RETINOIDS
Retinoids work by exfoliating the skin and encouraging the growth of new ,evenly pigmented skin cells.Retinoids, such as tretinoin and adapalene, are derivatives of vitamin A that promote cell turnover and help fade Hyperpigmentation over time.retinoids also have anti-inflammatory properties.However ,they can be irritating, so it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increases as tolerated.Retinoids are available in prescription-strength formulations and over-the-counter products.
3.TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS
In some cases, corticosteroid creams may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and lighten dark spots.
4.AZELAIC ACID
Azelaic acid is works by gently exfoliating the skin , reducing inflammation and inhibiting the production of melanin , the pigment responsible for dark spots.Azelaic acid also has brightning properties.
5.VITAMIN C
Serums containing vitamin C can help brighten the skin and reduce the appearance of dark sarea by inhibiting melanin production and promoting collagen production.
6.SUN PROTECTION
Protecting your skin from the sun's harmful UV rays can prevent further damage.use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily,and avoid prolonged sun exposure.
7.CHEMICAL PEEL
Chemical peels can be highly effective option for reducing the appearance of dark spots and pigmentation.Dermatologist can perform chemical peels using stronger concentration of acids like glycolic acid , salisylic acid or trichloroacetic acid ( TCA ) to exfoliate the outer layer of the skin and reduce the appearance of Hyperpigmentation.
8.LASER THERAPY
Laser therapy works by targeting the pigment in the dark area and breaking it down allowing the body to naturally eliminate the pigment.Various types of lasers, such as fractional lasers,or intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy use for dark spot removal.
9.MICRODERMABRASION
This procedure involves gently sanding the skin's surface to remove the outermost layer, promoting new skin growth and reducing the appearance of Hyperpigmentation.
It's important to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan for your specific condition and skin type. They can evaluate your skin and recommend the most appropriate treatment options based on your individual needs and goals.